Category: Chart of the Week

Much Ado About Corona?

By now, you have all read the headlines and watched various news commentators detail the perils of the latest pneumonia outbreak, 2019 Novel Coronavirus (“nCov”), impacting China, nearby countries, and a few of their western trade partners. As of February 13th, confirmed cases in mainland China had reached over 60,000 patients, and as was broadcast on February 11th, the death total has surpassed 1,000. Even though these health figures are alarming, we have experienced similar outbreaks in the past and can take some comfort in knowing that eventual containment — and a vaccine — are in the works.

From a financial market’s standpoint, one common theme we are hearing from economists and portfolio managers is that, similar to the SARS outbreak of 2002–2003, the recent sharp, nCoV-driven market sell-off is temporary and the overall market impact will be minimal over the long-term. This chart of the week shows the short-term returns of the broader market — using the MSCI All Country World Index as the guidepost — during the SARS outbreak, as well as the current coronavirus. As shown in the chart, during the first three months of the SARS outbreak the MSCI ACWI posted a -2.9% return. However, six months after the initial SARS patient, the MSCI ACWI return was back in positive territory, up 2.8%.

While comparing SARS and nCoV makes sense from a regional and virus strain commonality, one must also consider the economic circumstances surrounding each outbreak. The supply chain connectivity between China and the broader world has advanced in leaps and bounds since 2003. The potential knock-on effects of an extended drop in Chinese factory productivity could slow, for instance, the technology supply chains for Apple, LG, Google, and more. Hence, economists are probably spot on that the market will rebound, but the details of the true impact on global growth are yet to be defined.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Is Manufacturing on the Rebound?

The ISM PMI index is a survey of manufacturers and measures the overall strength of the manufacturing sector. A measure over 50 indicates the sector is growing while over 43 suggests the economy overall is expanding. Over the last five months of 2019 this measure fell below 50, leading analysts and investors to wonder if we were in a manufacturing recession, driven by the U.S.-China trade dispute and slowing global growth. However, January’s reading came in at 50.9, beating expectations of 48.5 and recovering from an almost four year low. January’s surprise gain was met positively by stocks, bond yields, and dollar gains. The PMI had recently been held back by weak export markets and the trade war and it seems that news of the Phase One trade agreement between the U.S. and China supported manufacturing health; however, effects of the coronavirus nearly freezing parts of China’s economy and Boeing’s halted production straining producers will likely impact February’s number. So, while January’s reading was certainly a welcomed surprise, economists are now in “wait and see” mode to see how these risks play out in February.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Another Way to Look at Spreads

Bond spreads¹ now appear tight based on the traditional method of calculating spreads² as positive momentum with the U.S.-China trade deal over the fourth quarter of 2019 culminated in the recent signing of the Phase One agreement.³ This week we examine another way of viewing spreads for an additional perspective on how tight spreads really are and, therefore, how rich bond valuations might truly be at the moment. The left chart shows investment grade bond spreads while the right chart shows high yield bond spreads. Both charts display the traditional way of calculating spreads — yield minus U.S. Treasury yield — in purple, with the dotted purple line representing the average spread. As we can see, today spreads for both investment grade and high yield are tighter than their respective averages using the traditional approach to calculating spreads.

The rationale for examining an alternative way of measuring spreads comes from the fact that the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield has fallen dramatically over time. In 1987 it was 9.1% whereas today it is 1.7%. A corporate bond yielding 10.1% in 1987 had a spread of 100bp (10.1% minus 9.1%), while a corporate bond yielding 2.7% today also has a 100bp spread (2.7% minus 1.7%). Since they both have the same spread, the traditional method of calculating spreads using subtraction would deem both to have the same value. Even though the 10.1% yield from 1987 produced a lot more yield than the current 2.7% value, a relative value comparison suggests a different conclusion.  In 1987, the ratio of high yield to the 10-yr Treasury was only 1.1x (10.1/9.1), whereas today it is 1.6x (2.7/1.7).

The teal lines in both charts show this alternate view of spreads, by taking the bond’s yield as a multiple of the U.S. Treasury yield. The teal dotted lines show the averages of the spreads using this alternate method. The results are surprising as they show that both investment grade and high yield spreads, using this approach, are actually wider today than their averages, which one might interpret as indicating that both investment grade and high yield are actually attractively priced at the moment and there is still room for further spread tightening.

While there may be some justification behind this novel view of spreads, one key rebuttal is that the broader market does not view spreads using this approach. We would recommend that investors take into consideration both methods when assessing bond valuations as well as where we are in the broader market cycle to inform asset allocation decisions.

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¹ Bond spreads are used as an industry standard for assessing bond valuations.
² The traditional method of calculating bond spreads is the yield of the bond, for example, an investment grade corporate bond or a high yield corporate bond, minus the U.S. Treasury yield. If the spread is tight then the bond is richly priced, if the spread is wide then the bond is cheaply priced.
³ Concern over this past week’s global spread of the coronavirus widened spreads slightly but spreads still remain tight overall based on traditional calculations.

 

The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Despite Political Tensions, 2020 off to a Great Start

This week’s chart shows the cumulative S&P 500 return and 10-year Treasury yields through January 21st. The S&P 500 is up over 3% year-to-date despite impeachment proceedings and geopolitical tensions with Iran. We investigate why equity markets have remained strong through a seemingly difficult start to an election year.

Impeachment proceedings allege that Trump interfered in the coming 2020 election by holding back millions of dollars of military aid to Ukraine in exchange for them launching an investigation into Joe Biden. The market seems relatively unphased, however, as Republicans control a majority in the Senate of 53 to 47. A two-thirds majority (67 senators) is required to convict Trump and remove him from office. This seems unlikely as evidence remains thin and he retains backing from the Republican party.

Iran has been another point of conflict early this year as the U.S. killed Qassem Soleimani as a result of his alleged targeting of U.S. embassies. Iran then responded by firing missiles at U.S. targets in Iraq. It is widely viewed that Iran is looking to avoid a head-on conflict with the U.S. as economic sanctions are harming the Iranian economy. As the direct conflict seems to have abated and Iran’s economy is struggling, the market seems to view this as a non-event.

Rates have remained low and the economy is growing. Though there seems to have been a few bumps in the road, the S&P 500 continues to march higher. Uncertainties remain, however, as a surprise verdict from the impeachment trials or newly discovered coronavirus could upset the markets moving forward. Going forward, investors will look for positive earnings and economic growth — both domestically and abroad — to support further equity market gains in 2020.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Will 2020 Earnings Expectations Hold Up?

Despite poor earnings growth in 2019, global equities had a strong year, generating double-digit returns. The MSCI World Index, a developed global equity benchmark, and the MSCI Emerging Markets (EM) Index returned 28.4% and 18.4%, respectively. Paradoxically, however, earnings growth was negative for both indices in 2019. Why were equity returns so strong while earnings growth was so weak? One key reason was investor reaction to central bank activity.

Throughout most of the world, central banks took accommodative actions in response to slowed economic growth. The developed markets central bank policy rate dropped from 1.96% to 1.39% between 2018 and 2019. Emerging countries also acted as China, Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, Turkey, and the Philippines all deployed interest rate cuts. This central bank activity boosted investor optimism leading to strong returns in anticipation of better economic and earnings data in the year ahead.

Looking forward, 2020 earnings growth estimates range from 8% to 14%. In a typical year, estimates are revised downward as analysts begin the year with a more optimistic view. In fact, at this time last year, 2019 estimates ranged between 5% and 8%. Will the 2020 expectations hold up as we move through the year? We think markets are betting that they will and that a significant miss, similar to 2019, is likely to lead to disappointing returns in the year ahead.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

What Does the Next Decade Look Like for Private Equity Investors?

For U.S. private equity investors, it has been a spectacular decade. Through September 2019, EV/ EBITDA¹ multiples, a standard for measuring private equity investment value, stood at 12.8x, just below the 2014 high of 12.9x. This figure marks an 82% increase from 2009, during which the U.S. economy was emerging from the Global Financial Crisis. In addition to revenue growth and EBITDA margin expansion, increasing multiples is a driver of private equity value creation and the most publicized metric on the state of the market.

A decade of increasing multiples has benefited private equity investors and managers. As investors saw the value of their private equity allocations grow, they rewarded managers with increasing amounts of capital. In 2019, global private equity raised $595 billion,² the second-largest sum ever.  A decades’ worth of prolific fundraising, like 2017’s record total of $628 billion, has created substantial amounts of dry powder, or uninvested capital. Today, private equity managers are sitting on $1.43 trillion of dry powder, waiting for investment opportunities to emerge.

These record-setting figures beg investors to ask very important questions regarding the next decade of private equity. Regardless of the past decade, we continue to see a tremendous amount of value in the private equity asset class as a return enhancer and diversifier for portfolios. Undoubtedly, investor scrutiny will increase as the asset class becomes more competitive, and manager differentiation will be paramount.

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¹ Enterprise value / earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization
² Cummings, C. “Fundraising Stumbled in 2019 From Decade’s Record Pace,”  9 Jan. 2020. The Wall Street Journal.

 

The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

U.K. Domestic Banks Spike After Tory Triumph

In what has been called a landmark victory, Prime Minister Boris Johnson and the Conservatives handily defeated their Labour party opposition in the Thursday, December 12th U.K. general election, winning 364 of the 650 Parliament seats. This landslide gain locks in a Tory government majority, which should enable Johnson to fulfill his campaign pledge to “Get Brexit Done.” The win also provides the broader market with greater certainty about the direction of Brexit, as Johnson will now have the votes necessary to complete the steps needed to make the existing divorce deal law and to take Britain out of the European Union by the end of 2020.

Brexit has been a major overhang on U.K. stocks, as evidenced by the FTSE 100 being the worst performing European Index year-to-date. In this chart of the week, we show the London stock market response to the election results. The FTSE 100 Index rallied on both the Friday and Monday after last week’s election, up 1.1% and 2.3% respectively based on closing price. In intraday trading on Monday, December 16th, the U.K. blue-chip index surged to its highest level in four months, up nearly 2.7%. Of note, those businesses acutely impacted by the domestic U.K. economy saw a meaningful boost. British financial service firms were among the major climbers during the rally, with Hargreaves Lansdown, Barclays, and Lloyds Banking Group (shown in the chart) up over 4%.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

The Dynamic Duo vs. the Russell 2000

Apple and Microsoft are the two largest companies (by market value) in the United States and the only two U.S. listed firms with a market capitalization over $1 trillion. Both companies have been standout performers in 2019, with Apple’s market value increasing 58.6% this year through the end of November, while Microsoft’s market value has increased 47.1% over the same period. The combined market value of the two companies now stands at $2.3 trillion dollars and together they represent roughly 9% of the total value of the S&P 500 Index. To put the size of these two businesses in perspective, this week’s chart of the week shows the combined market value of Apple and Microsoft compared to the entire Russell 2000 index of U.S.-based small cap stocks. At the end of November the combined value of the two companies was essentially equal ($2.342 trillion vs. $2.367 trillion for the Russell 2000) to the market value of the entire small cap index. The stellar performance of Apple and Microsoft has a been a large driver of the outperformance of large cap stocks in the US over the last decade. But with the 2020’s approaching, maybe small caps are poised for a better decade ahead.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Will the Good News Continue for U.S. Equities?

Domestic equity returns have surprised investors to the upside this year. The S&P 500 is up ~24% and the S&P has posted 26 new highs in 2019. Over the past 10 years, the S&P has recorded 233 new highs and a 481% cumulative return. The chart shows that many of the market highs were backloaded into the second half of the current recovery as economic growth and investor confidence increased. The S&P 500 did not reach its post-recession peak until 2013: four years after the financial crisis. During those four years, market volatility was elevated, but steadily decreasing.

2019’s market environment has been very different from 2009. The first contrast is valuations. In March 2009, the S&P 500 traded at 11.2 times forward earnings and today it trades at 19.2 times forward earnings, higher than its 10-year average of 16 times. Second, while market volatility on average has decreased by 50% since 2009, volatility (measured by the VIX index) ­— as shown by the orange diamond — remains elevated since 2017’s lows. Lastly, geopolitical risk has predominantly shifted from Europe and its sovereign debt crisis to the U.S.-China trade war, the latter of which is still not resolved. Luckily, U.S. businesses and especially U.S. consumers have proved resilient through these stressors. If the status quo continues into 2020, we can only hope for more of the same: positive equity returns albeit with higher market volatility and geopolitical risks.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

What Does an Election Year Mean for Equity Investors?

Prior to each presidential election, there is inevitable talk about market reactions to candidates and how policy changes could impact investors. As shown in the table, election years tend to exhibit more muted returns (as measured by the S&P 500 index) and greater volatility compared to the years leading into the presidential election. Year-to-date, 2019 has continued the Year 3 trend of strong performance, but if history is any indication, the 2020 outlook is less optimistic.

When it comes to Republicans vs. Democrats, political pundits often try to show one is better than the other for equity market returns. The reality, however, is that there isn’t enough of a sample size to draw any meaningful conclusions about parties, given the number of combinations of who controls the Presidency, Senate, and House of Representatives. Even in the case of 2016 with Trump’s unexpected win, markets initially sold off but quickly rebounded to their previous levels. No matter the candidate or the policy, markets care most about clarity and dislike uncertainty. As a result, we are expecting greater volatility over the next 12 months as we head into the 2020 presidential election. While the election will certainly not be the sole driver of market volatility, it will undoubtedly contribute to further uncertainty over the coming months.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.