Category: Newsletter

The Debt and Deficit Dilemma

The new year brings a new political administration with fresh approaches and drastically different perspectives on topics ranging from immigration to foreign policy. As the Biden era exits and another Trump era begins, federal spending and the deficit persists. Borrowing began with financing the Revolutionary War, and it is as American as baseball and apple pie. The national debt clock in Manhattan has a massive figure of over $36 trillion that is owed by the government to holders of Treasuries. Talks of the deficit and debt ceiling emerge every year and politicians put off the issue rather than finding ways to reduce borrowing by increasing taxes and/or reducing spending. Will there ever be any repercussions to running such a high deficit?

While you will never see an explicit bill from the government with your family’s share due, there is a limit to the amount the U.S. can borrow without any consequences. This paper will give the reader an anatomy of the deficit and debt, consequences of running such a high deficit, and summary of the high-level solutions that have been proposed.

Multi-Asset Credit: Taking Offense From Good to Great

Before the football season began, we authored a white paper that detailed offensive and defensive elements of a fixed income portfolio. For most investors, an aggregate (core) mandate provides defense while strategic allocations to high yield, senior secured loans, and emerging market debt (EMD) are the primary sources of offense. Relative to an aggregate benchmark, this structure has outperformed over market cycles. However, just as championship teams adjust and innovate throughout a season, so too should an investor’s portfolio.

Multi-Asset Credit (MAC) strategies are single portfolios that dynamically allocate across a broad range of global credit markets to provide higher levels of income and a diversity of fixed income exposures. These mandates can serve as a single-solution credit allocation or as a credit alpha overlay in the context of a broader credit portfolio. There is no perfect definition of MAC, but what they do offer is diversification, flexibility, and ease of access and operations. While these markets are not new, investors may be unfamiliar with the mechanics of a MAC strategy and its potential benefits.

This newsletter provides an overview of MAC, including the opportunity set, allocation structure and considerations, diversification benefits, and sample MAC manager performance.

Football is in Full Swing…and Private Equity Wants a Piece!

The 2024 National Football League regular season is at its midpoint, meaning employees in Marquette’s Chicago office are enduring another challenging season from the hometown Bears. While the growth of rookie Caleb Williams is not a viable topic for a Marquette newsletter, recent developments off the football field are worth exploring in greater detail. To that point, NFL owners recently approved a measure that will allow private equity firms to purchase small stakes in teams, marking a notable shift in the league’s ownership rules. This newsletter highlights the motivations, details, and implications of this recent change.

Keep Your Eye on the Labor Market

The Fed turned the page and began lowering interest rates with an outsized 50 bp cut at its September FOMC meeting. While Chairman Powell described the risks to achieving the Fed’s dual mandate goals of maximum employment and stable prices as balanced, the market’s reaction to Powell’s press conference seemed to reflect anxieties that the labor market is now the chief concern and the Fed’s larger rate cut was perhaps a result of not only foresight but fear.

This newsletter puts recent labor market data into historical context as the Fed considers the pace of additional rate cuts in the coming months.

The State of the American Consumer

The U.S. economy has long been driven by consumers, with consumption constituting more than two-thirds of GDP growth: As the consumer went, so went the economy. More recently, robust consumer spending has fueled positive domestic GDP growth and helped buoy the prices of financial assets. That said, there are now signs that these trends may be shifting. For instance, delinquency rates across various consumer loan types have ticked up, as have debt burdens as a share of overall household income. Additionally, personal savings rates in the U.S. have now dropped below long-term averages. From a big picture perspective, what do these trends mean for the overall health and growth of the economy?

This newsletter examines long-term tailwinds and emerging headwinds for the American consumer and expectations for both consumers and overall GDP growth going forward.

What Does Elevated Index Concentration Mean for Active U.S. Equity Managers?

Indexing has risen in popularity over the last decade, particularly for U.S. equity investors. The fees are lower and indexing is perceived as less risky, with investors primarily seeking beta exposure to the market. However, these indices have evolved against an ever-changing economic and financial market backdrop. As a result, several unintended structural issues have emerged, particularly related to concentration risk. Understanding this evolution and how it could alter the overall exposures within a broader portfolio is critical, as these indices are not static. Notably, the composition of some indices alongside the increase in passive capital has created headwinds for active managers and helps to explain recent performance challenges.

This newsletter examines the progression of passive management, how and why U.S. equity index concentration has increased in recent years, and the effects and risks investors need be aware of across the market capitalization spectrum.

The Growing Popularity of Continuation Funds

Historically, the private equity secondary market has been used by limited partners (“LPs”) to sell exposures at the end of their lives and as such contained only tail-end exposures. Selling these lingering exposures to private equity funds allowed LPs to clean up their balance sheets and fueled the growth of secondary private equity funds within the broader private equity space. As the market evolved, however, higher-quality assets began transacting as investors started to use secondary markets as a useful portfolio management tool. More recently, general partners (“GPs”) have come to occupy an increasing percentage of the overall market. In 2023, about $110 billion in volume traded in private equity secondaries, with about 50% of the total transaction activity represented by GP-led transactions.

In this newsletter, we provide an overview of continuation funds, including their growth, structure, transaction requirements, and considerations for investors.

Assessing the Likelihood of a Recession and Understanding the Impact on Portfolios

Is a recession coming to the U.S.? It’s a question that has been asked since 2022, as the Fed’s rapid rate hikes sparked concern that higher interest rates would lead to demand destruction and ultimately economic contraction. Nonetheless, here we are in the first quarter of 2024 and although the growth rate of gross domestic product has fallen, it is still positive. Unemployment remains at historic lows and inflation is falling. However, with the Fed unlikely to cut rates during the first half of the year and the full effect of the higher rate environment not yet settled, the recession threat still looms over the economy and markets. Given this background, the following paper presents three reasons for each side as to whether the U.S. may enter or avoid a recession in 2024, as well as recessionary implications across asset classes.

Great Expectations

After ending 2023 with a steep market rally, 2024 began on a more muted note, with Fed-pivot exuberance giving way to the details of execution. Of the many opportunities and risks facing markets this year, one of the most scrutinized will likely be how the Fed’s interest rate cuts compare to market expectations.

This newsletter analyzes current expectations for interest rate movements this year and potential scenarios that could influence the Fed’s policy decisions.

We’re Not So Different, High Yield Bonds and Leveraged Loans

Late last year we authored an article detailing the growing differences between the high yield and leveraged loan markets, particularly the overall quality in the high yield market versus that of leveraged loans. Today, some of those most pronounced differences appear to be abating, which should translate to a more convergent outlook for the two markets as it relates to security, structure, recovery, covenants, and ultimately, performance. With the Fed poised to begin cutting rates in 2024, we felt it was important to address these emerging trends before the start of the new year.