Egg Prices Ruffle Consumer Feathers

February 11, 2025 | Chad Sheaffer, CFA, CAIA, Senior Research Analyst

While investors scrutinize rhetoric from the Trump administration for its potential to ignite another bout of inflation for U.S. consumers, one challenge is already ruffling feathers at the grocery store. Egg prices have surged amid a resurgence in avian flu cases as farmers have been forced to cull millions of egg-laying hens to protect healthy flocks. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average cost for Grade A large eggs reached $4.15 per dozen in December, which represents a more than 13% increase from November and a 65% year-over-year rise. In some states, costs have far exceeded the national average, with wholesale prices surpassing $7.24 and $8.35 per dozen in New York and California, respectively.

The latest outbreak has proven particularly severe, with more than 14.7 million egg-producing chickens infected in January alone (more than the total for all of 2023 following the initial outbreak of the flu). With the virus present in all 50 states, the CDC estimates that at least 150 million birds, including both commercial poultry and wild birds, have been affected since 2022. With no definitive end to the flu outbreak in sight, egg producers are lobbying the federal government to fund vaccine research as a potential long-term solution. As Easter approaches, rising demand for eggs could further exacerbate issues and potentially drive prices to record highs. The U.S. Department of Agriculture forecasts an additional 20% increase in egg prices through the end of this year due to shortages, with some grocery stores already struggling to maintain supplies and others instituting limits on purchases.

While the current price of eggs has been driven higher by the flu outbreak, trade restrictions could have a far greater impact on inflation for U.S. consumers. Consequently, investors must weigh the domestic supply shocks for eggs and other goods alongside ongoing trade uncertainties and accept that inflation and elevated interest rates may persist through 2025.

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