Can a Government Shutdown Slow the IPO Market?

Companies have been staying private longer, but expectations for Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in 2019 are high. Uber and Lyft filed their intent to list their shares publicly with the SEC in December. Most recently, other private companies have been exploring if it makes sense to go public at current valuations. Peloton, the popular exercise bike company, has been exploring an IPO this year as its valuation has climbed to more than $4 billion, roughly 3 times as much as its $1.25 billion valuation in 2017. The chart above shows the amount of money raised via IPOs in each calendar year. But what risk does the previous government shutdown have for the IPO market?

The most favorable time for an IPO is typically when the stock market is doing well, volatility is low, and political risks are mitigated. Due to the recent partial government shutdown, the SEC is backlogged with paperwork, which has delayed planned IPOs during this current favorable environment. The risk is that if another shutdown occurs, there could be an extended delay featuring stale financial statements and other administrative delays, which would naturally discourage companies from wanting to go public. The companies that are most at risk are those that are running low on cash and need capital to continue operating. Business owners and venture capitalists are also at risk of not being able to cash out as quickly as they would like. Though the shutdown has caused a delay in listing, it should not prevent the blockbuster companies from listing publicly. Companies like Uber – which has been valued as high as $120 billion – are looking to tap the larger pool of capital in the public markets. Even though the government shutdown has already caused delays of around 30 days, the expectation is that 2019 will ultimately provide a record amount of capital raised through IPOs.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Can the PG&E Bankruptcy Create Profits for Hedge Funds?

This week’s chart of the week examines the price performance of Pacific Gas and Electric (“PG&E”) Corporation’s public debt and equity. Because of what they provide, publicly traded utilities have long been considered defensive investments due to their relative stability throughout economic cycles.

In the third quarter of 2018 hedge funds began buying shares of this California public utility on the view that PG&E’s liability for 2017 wildfires would be much lower than expected. This buying took place ahead of the deadliest wildfire in California history which many blamed on PG&E electrical lines.  PG&E’s exposure to wildfire liabilities is heightened by the state’s inverse condemnation, a legal standard which holds utilities responsible for all damages caused by their equipment. On January 29th PG&E filed for bankruptcy related to the more than $30 billion in liabilities it faces related to California wildfires in 2017 and 2018.

Many hedge funds that bought both debt and equity of PG&E in the third quarter of last year have seen the equity and debt sell-off over 60% and 18% respectively through January. This price drop has caused some managers to exit their positions. With the company announcing a bankruptcy filing, distressed hedge funds have stepped in to buy up both the equity and debt of the company.  Their rationale for doing so is that the payout of the liabilities will be smaller than originally expected and thus both equity and debt prices can recover enough to deliver a profit relative to the currently depressed prices.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Equities Close to a Key Resistance Level

This week’s chart looks at price action of the Value Line Geometric Index. Originally launched in 1961, the Value Line Geometric Index provides exposure to North American equities. It is comprised of over 1,600 companies from the NYSE, Nasdaq, Toronto Stock Exchange, and various over-the-counter markets. The index is equally weighted, and thus can provide insight into the health or breadth of the overall equity market relative to more commonly referenced market cap weighted indices. Market cap weighted indices, by design, are disproportionately driven by their larger market cap weighted components. Thus, an examination of equally weighted indices can shed light on trends often missed when focused solely on the actions of market cap weighted indices.

As seen in the chart above, the Value Line index has historically encountered resistance at the $500 price level. The index traded near this key resistance level in 1998, 2007, and 2015. More recently, the index was able to break out above this resistance level beginning in December 2016. Following the 2016 election, the index saw broad market participation as a result of the current administration’s pro-growth narrative and late cycle fiscal stimulus effects. A host of factors contributed to the recent retracement of the index below this $500 level starting in mid-2018 including concerns over rising interest rates, slowing global growth, trade/tariff effects, and various political uncertainties.

From a technical analysis standpoint, if the index can maintain a sustained breakout above this level then this would be a bullish signal for equities. However, a failure to retest and breach this level could signify further downside risk and warrant a cautious stance within equities.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Did the Fourth Quarter Wake Up a Sleeping Bear?

Like past bull markets, this most recent one since 2009 has had relatively little daily volatility, which we define here as moves greater than two standard deviations from the mean daily return. Specifically, we look at two standard deviations to the downside during a calendar year basis as compared to its historical average over the last few market cycles. This means the S&P 500 would’ve fallen about 2.2% or more in a single day. The last three bull markets are roughly visualized through the valleys in this negative volatility, which is indicative of the smooth ride up investors have had.

Not surprisingly, the majority of total positive and negative two standard deviation moves have been on the negative side at about 60% of the time since 1990, or in days, about seven trading days per year. In 2018, investors experienced significantly more downside volatility than in recent years; however, within the context of bear market years, this move is not so bad. While this is an interesting story from the data, ultimately macroeconomic and geopolitical developments will undoubtedly determine if this bull market has any life left.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

2019 Market Preview

Coming off a difficult 2018, investors face a litany of questions going into this year, whose potential answers will undoubtedly have an impact on the capital markets. The following set of newsletters examines the primary asset classes we cover for our clients, with in-depth analysis of last year’s performance and more importantly, trends, themes, and projections to watch for in 2019. We hope these materials can assist you and your committees as you plan for the coming year, and please feel free to reach out to any of us should you have further questions about the articles or wish to review the 2019 Market Preview Webinar recording. Here’s to a better year from the capital markets in 2019!

U.S. Economy: The View from the Top?
by Jeffrey Hoffmeyer, CFA, Lead Analyst, Asset Allocation

Fixed Income: Kicking Off the Year with Moderate Valuations, a Less-Hawkish Fed and Growing Global Tariffs
by Ben Mohr, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Fixed Income

U.S. Equities: The Pro-Growth Narrative Fizzles Out
by Samantha T. Grant, CFA, CAIA, Senior Research Analyst, U.S. Equities
and Rob Britenbach, CIPM, Research Analyst, U.S. Equities

Non-U.S. Equities: Can They Get Back on Track?
by David Hernandez, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, International Equities
and Nicole Johnson-Barnes, Research Analyst

Real Estate: Navigating Through a Late Market Cycle
by Jeremy Zirin, CAIA, Senior Research Analyst, Real Assets

Infrastructure: Stable Cash Flows in an Uncertain Market Environment and the Evolving Landscape
by Jeremy Zirin, CAIA, Senior Research Analyst, Real Assets

Hedge Funds: Is Market Volatility Here to Stay?
by Joe McGuane, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Alternatives

Private Equity: Poised for Robust Deployment
by Derek Schmidt, CFA, CAIA, Senior Research Analyst, Private Equity

 

The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Brexit Contributes to Global Uncertainty

Political instability increased dramatically in 2018 and the Brexit looms as a major contributor to the uncertainty in 2019. The UK is scheduled to leave the European Union (EU) on March 29th, 2019 however there is no current plan in place for the exit. On Tuesday, January 15th, the UK government resoundingly rejected Prime Minister May’s Brexit plan, 432 votes to 202. May had negotiated this agreement with the EU in an attempt to organize an orderly departure.

On Wednesday January 16th, a day after her plan’s defeat, Prime Minister May survived a vote of no confidence, 325 votes to 306. With her leadership role intact, May must develop an exit plan that the UK leadership will pass, and the EU will approve. This must be done with the clock ticking and as we move closer to March 29th, the possibility of a “no deal” Brexit increases. This is an outcome neither the UK nor the EU want, and if this occurs, volatility in equity markets is likely to spike. To avoid this, we may see a vote to delay the exit and should the UK fail to reach an agreement perhaps we may see a second referendum. Ultimately, as is usually the case with these types of issues, markets will welcome any resolution that clears up the uncertainty surrounding the event.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

 

U.S. Credit Market Health Check

This week’s chart looks at two key indicators of the health of the U.S. credit market. The first, on the left, shows a growing portion of covenant-light (“cov-lite”) bank loans relative to full-covenant bank loans.¹ The second indicator, on the right, shows a growing portion of loan-only bank loan issuers, which remove the benefit of a credit cushion for bank loan investors.² Recent studies by Credit Suisse show that recovery rates for cov-lite issuers are 10-15% worse than non-cov-lite issuers, and recovery rates for loan-only unitranche issuers are 15% worse than non-unitranche issuers. As such, there is some structural deterioration in the bank loan market, but the general consensus is that this should not be a 2019 story, but 2-3 years out. This means that there is not a very high concern of a credit crunch in 2019, but potentially in 2020-2021 if prices get to frothy levels again by then.

That said, defaults remain low, so at least for now, there is no sign of immediate trouble. And spreads have widened out over the last couple of months to be wider than average excluding 2008 and 2009 levels, showing that there has been some release in pressure and the market is perhaps pricing in some of these concerns. Most bank loan strategies are now focused on quality credit selection, avoiding deals with high leverage and unreliable assets or unreliable earnings. That said, as this cycle wears on, we would certainly want to remember that despite their senior secured nature, bank loans are still sub-investment grade debt and should be balanced with a healthy core bond allocation.

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¹ Covenant-light means that the bank loan issuer is subject to few restrictions, also known as covenants, in managing its business. For example, covenants could be maximum leverage (debt divided by cash flows) or minimum coverage (cash flows divided by interest expenses). The rise in cov-lite deals has been a reality since 2005 and they appear to be here to stay. One reason for their rise is due to the standardization and syndication of bank loans as a public security, thereby making them become more like high yield bonds, which have very little covenants, and less like private credit.

² This means that, in the event of bankruptcy, the bank loan investors do not have a high yield, junior subordinated debt tranche beneath them for the losses to eat into after the equity tranche. The bank loan investors will see immediate losses right after the equity tranche in this case.

The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

 

Nowhere to Hide in 2018

As we enter 2019, we look back on what was a pretty poor year for investors. There was just nowhere to hide in 2018 as a volatile 4th quarter turned all major indices negative. The downward catalyst occurred when Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said interest rates were “a long way” from what he considered neither stimulative nor restrictive.

For the year, the S&P 500 lost 4.4%, the Russell 2000 lost 11%, and emerging markets (as measured by the MSCI EM index) lost 14.6%. These losses came mostly as volatility spiked with the CBOE Volatility Index up 132% in 2018. Strong market fundamentals have largely been overshadowed by fear as global growth concerns, trade, and rising interest rate worries continue to pressure markets. This broad market correction has been historically unusual, but years with broadly poor returns from a majority of indices are typically followed by a positive year as investors find value in market opportunities.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

 

Keeping the Current Market Correction in Perspective

Over the last few months, equity markets have experienced sizable drops, making many investors wary about the future. Despite this, we encourage our clients to focus on the longer-term return patterns of their portfolios, since most are of a perpetual nature.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Fourth Rate Hike of 2018; More to Come?

On Wednesday, December 19, the Federal Reserve executed its fourth rate hike of 2018. This 25-basis point hike, the ninth post-2008, takes the fed funds rate target range to 2.25%–2.50%. The market expected this hike and was focused on whether Fed Chair Powell, by going forth with the hike, might be showing his defiance against Trump’s urge not to hike.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.