Topic Tags: U.S Economy

Should Investors Worry About the Growing Deficit?

Americans have seen tax cuts and strong historical returns across asset classes since the Global Financial Crisis. However, though the general populace has been flourishing, the decrease in revenue flowing to the government and an increase in defense spending have contributed to the deficit increasing each year since 2016. Is the increased deficit a systemic risk or simply a side effect of a low rate environment?

This week’s chart of the week shows the United States’ deficit since 2007 in absolute terms as well as a percentage of GDP. The deficit spiked during the financial crisis at $1.4 trillion dollars as the administration took action to provide stimulus to the nation while in a recession. Shortly after, the deficit began decreasing as the economy moved towards recovery. More recently, the deficit has been increasing and is projected to reach $1.1 trillion dollars in 2020, an amount not seen since 2012. On an absolute basis, the deficit has been moving upward, but has this been offset by an increase in GDP? The blue line on the graph shows the deficit as a percentage of GDP. This metric has also been steadily increasing since 2016, though it is still much lower than during the Great Recession.

One area of potential concern is that during past expansions the deficit was decreasing or low, while now the deficit is moving in the opposite direction. If a recession were to occur, the government would have to borrow even more to stimulate the economy, pushing the debt level even higher and possibly raising concerns about the U.S. financial system. On the other hand, a theory of economic thought called Modern Monetary Theory (“MMT”) has gained traction due to the proposal of large increases in government spending by left-wing presidential candidates. MMT states that a country that prints its own currency does not have to worry much about debt as it can pay it off simply by adding to the monetary supply. Thus, the thought is that the only target for central banks should be inflation.

In all, deficit spending is a crucial means of financing public programs and stimulating the economy, no matter which economic viewpoint is applied. The U.S. deficit has ebbed and flowed over time and will continue to be a point of political contention for years to come.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Live Videos: 2019 Investment Symposium Presentations

The six flash talks by our research team at Marquette’s 2019 Investment Symposium on October 4th are now available to view on our YouTube channel.

View each talk in the player above — use the upper-right list icon to access a specific presentation.

  • The Investment Case Behind ESG Investing and Implementation in Practice
    Nat Kellogg, CFA, Director of Manager Search
  • Beyond Traditional Real Estate: Exploring Opportunities in Non-Core Real Estate
    Jeremy Zirin, CAIA, Senior Research Analyst, Real Assets
  • So Many Risks, So Little Time: What’s Next in Global Risk?
    Nicole Johnson-Barnes, Research Analyst
  • U.S. Against the World: Should Investors Still Own International Stocks?
    David Hernandez, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Non-U.S. Equities
    Samantha T. Grant, CFA, CAIA, Senior Research Analyst, U.S. Equities
  • Machine Learning for Investing: How is Artificial Intelligence Being Used in Asset Management?
    Ben Mohr, CFA, Director of Fixed Income
  • Pick Your Portfolio Poison: Recession or Inflation?
    Greg Leonberger, FSA, EA, MAAA, Director of Research

Marquette encourages open dialogue with our consultants and research team. For more information, questions, or feedback, please send us an email.

Luncheon Keynote with Mohamed El-Erian


Excerpts from Mohamed El-Erian’s Keynote Presentation at Marquette’s 2019 Investment Symposium

Mohamed El-Erian is Chief Economic Advisor at Allianz, Chair of President Obama’s Global Development Council, author of two New York Times bestsellers, and former CEO and co-CIO of PIMCO.

Please contact your consultant or send our marketing team an email for the password to view the excerpts.

A Prism of Capital Market Views: Portfolio Manager Panel

Marquette’s 2019 Investment Symposium opened with a portfolio manager panel hosted by Marquette’s director of research, Greg Leonberger, FSA, EA, MAAA, and featuring:

  • John W. Rogers, Jr., Chairman, Co-CEO & Chief Investment Officer at Ariel Investments
  • Olga Bitel, Partner and Global Strategist at William Blair
  • Matthew J. Eagan, CFA, Executive Vice President and Portfolio Manager at Loomis, Sayles & Company

Third Quarter Review of Asset Allocation: Risks and Opportunities

The third quarter saw mixed results for financial markets. Economic fundamentals generally remain strong but signs of deterioration are starting to emerge. Unemployment currently hovers around 3.5%, and inflation is near the Fed’s target of 2%. However, 3Q GDP growth was under 2% (though the 1.9% figure exceeded the 1.7% estimate), and the PMI index has been below 50 since August (a reading under 50 is indicative of contraction in the manufacturing sector). Overall, the most important global trends we see are the following:

  • The U.S.-China trade conflict continues to weigh heavily on both countries as talks remain ongoing;
  • The Federal Reserve (“Fed”) reversed course by cutting interest rates and further cuts are still possible;
  • The U.S. Treasury yield curve inverted briefly, which historically has signaled a recession over the subsequent 12–24 months;
  • Brexit negotiations were extended to January 31, 2020, therefore further perpetuating the uncertainty around the UK’s exit from the EU;
  • Negative interest rates continue to grow in prevalence around the world.

The impact of these shifting dynamics is explored further in this newsletter as we review third quarter performance and expectations going forward for each of the major asset classes.

Read > Third Quarter Review of Asset Allocation: Risks and Opportunities

 

The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

The Hidden Risk Within Passive Small-Cap

The rise of passive investing has been a multi-year trend among investors and currently accounts for nearly half of all assets within U.S. mutual funds and ETFs. The popularity of passive investing is not surprising given that the majority of actively managed funds charge higher fees and struggle to consistently beat their target benchmarks. However, the small-cap segment of the market bears watching, particularly among those investors that are passively invested.

This week’s Chart of the Week shows the percentage of companies over time within the Russell 2000 index that have no earnings. As of September 30, 2019, the percentage of companies within the Russell 2000 index with no earnings stands at 38%. This is one of the highest readings observed in nearly 25 years and is at levels typically not seen outside of recessionary periods.

Consistently strong passive inflows, a low interest rate environment, and general investor preference towards longer duration assets perceived to have recession-resistant, long-term secular growth drivers have helped to support companies with little to no earnings. This trend may eventually reverse and could bode well for active strategies that are structurally underweight this segment of small-cap. Regardless, it is important to acknowledge the growing trend and potential risk within the small-cap space.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Central Banks Fight the Threat of Recession

On September 12th, the European Central Bank (“ECB”) — headed by departing President Mario Draghi — passed a major stimulus package fueled by a key interest rate cut and a large bond repurchase program. The ECB deposit facility rate, which is used by banks to make overnight deposits, was lowered 10 basis points to -0.5%, a new record low. The newly approved quantitative easing program is set to begin on November 1st. It will involve the ECB buying over 20 billion euros worth of Eurozone government bonds on a monthly basis with the intention of increasing the money supply, thereby lowering interest rates and encouraging growth.

Though this move by the ECB did not receive unanimous approval by voting members, it was implemented with the hopes of stemming an increased slowdown in Europe and fighting against the threat of recession. One indicator of the Eurozone slowdown has been PMI numbers, which dropped again in September, remaining in contraction territory. This trend began at the start of 2018 with the crossover into negative growth occurring early this year.

Similar though slightly better numbers have been seen in the United States over the past few months, and it is widely expected that the Fed will continue monetary easing by cutting rates one more time in 2019, either at the end of this month or the end of the year. As trade tensions and market uncertainties persist, the ECB, Federal Reserve, and central banks across the world are fighting to maintain growth and avoid a global recession.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

The Root Cause of Negative Rates

At our annual investment symposium last Friday, we worked through a thought-experiment with keynote speaker Mohamed El-Erian on two points central to the state of our global economy today. The first is that with the furtherance of negative rates in Germany and Japan driven by the global growth slowdown, foreign investors’ continued buying of U.S. Treasuries may eventually cause U.S. rates to go negative. In turn, this could lead to a shift from bonds to stocks and thereby drive up P/E ratios to higher and higher norms. The second is that the global slowdown appears to be very much driven by an aging of the overall population, which includes mounting retirements out of the workforce.

This week’s chart is actually two charts; the first on the left shows the number of people aged 65+ per 100 people of working age, which has grown in leaps and bounds for all developed countries between 1980 and 2015. Japan is especially notable, with 13 people aged 65+ per 100 people of working age in 1980, skyrocketing to 43 people aged 65+ per 100 people of working age in 2015. While data from China and emerging economies are not readily available, we can expect them to follow a similar trend. The second chart on the right shows the share of the U.S. population aged 65+ growing from only 5% in 1910 to 15% today and expected — based on actual birth rates — to reach 20% and 25% in the next few decades.

Certainly, this evolution of workforces will be a focus point going forward, and as more baby boomers exit the workforce, their productivity will need to be replaced to maintain current economic growth rates. Whether that comes from technological innovation or simply an influx of workers bears watching and will no doubt help shape the economic growth narrative in the future.

Print PDF > The Root Cause of Negative Rates

The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

3Q 2019 Market Briefing

Live Webinar – Thursday, October 24, 2019 – 1:00-2:00 PM CT


Please join Marquette’s asset class analysts for a live webinar based on our 3Q 2019 Market Environment. This webinar series is designed to brief clients on the market as soon as possible after quarterly market data becomes available.

The overall U.S. economy will be discussed, along with fixed income, U.S./non-U.S. equity, hedge funds, private equity, real estate and infrastructure.

Featuring:
Greg Leonberger, FSA, EA, MAAA, Partner, Director of Research
Jeffrey Hoffmeyer, CFA, Lead Analyst, Asset Allocation
Ben Mohr, CFA, Director of Fixed Income
Samantha Grant, CFA, CAIA, Senior Research Analyst, U.S. Equities
David Hernandez, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Non-U.S. Equities
Joe McGuane, CFA, Senior Research Analyst, Alternatives
Jeremy Zirin, CAIA, Senior Research Analyst, Real Assets
Brett Graffy, CAIA, Research Analyst

Who should attend: Institutional investment stewards, private clients, investment managers

Live webinar attendees will be able to submit questions to the presenters and vote in audience polls during the event. Questions will be answered during the final 15 minutes of the webinar, as time allows.

If you are unable to attend the webinar live, you can also view it afterward on demand. Registrants will automatically receive a follow-up email shortly after the end of the webinar to notify them of webinar recording availability

The Yield Curve Inverted a Month Ago… Now What?

The U.S. Treasury yield curve briefly inverted a month ago, when the 10-year Treasury yield fell 4 basis points below the 2-year Treasury yield on August 27th. An inverted yield curve has historically signaled a recession to come, as was the case prior to the 2000 tech bubble and 2008 housing crisis. However, the stock markets in the U.S. have been resilient since this latest inversion. The S&P 500 is up 4.2% and the Russell 1000 is up 6.6% since August 27th. This is not surprising as historically there is roughly a 20-month lag between yield curve inversion and the start of a recession.

It should be noted, however, in this most recent case of inversion there is the additional ­— and unprecedented — phenomenon of yield-seeking from investors whose domestic yields are currently negative. Foreign countries currently own approximately $6.6 trillion of U.S. Treasuries. In fact, countries with negative interest rates such as Japan and Germany increased their U.S. Treasury holdings by 9.2% and 21%, respectively, over the last twelve months. Foreign holdings of U.S. Treasuries amount to roughly 30% of the total amount of U.S. Treasuries outstanding and as a result, the shape of the yield curve has been warped and therefore may be a less-reliable indicator for recessions. It is true that yield curve inversion typically signals a market’s pessimistic view of the economy. However, given the current demand dynamics from foreign investors, yield curve inversion may be less reliable of a recession prediction signal given the overall state of economic growth and consumer health.

Print > The Yield Curve Inverted A Month Ago… Now What?

The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.