Topic Tags: U.S Economy

Observations from Across the Pond

Marquette regularly sends a senior member of our research team abroad as part of ongoing manager sourcing and due diligence efforts. These trips include update meetings with investment managers with whom Marquette has existing relationships as well as on-site visits with potential new manager recommendations. The cadence of these trips was severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but with international travel now almost back to normal, Marquette sent Senior Research Analyst Evan Frazier on a whirlwind tour of Europe earlier this summer. Over the course of almost a week, Evan met with eight investment management firms across three cities.

In this newsletter, Evan shares the perspectives, as well as more anecdotal information, he gained while on the ground in Europe, including insights on the region’s economy, the corporate landscape, and the unique set of opportunities and challenges currently facing international markets.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

When the Bill Comes Due

The U.S. economy has proved more resilient than expected this year, buoyed by ongoing consumer strength. Labor market dynamics and pandemic-era savings have allowed consumers to continue to spend despite higher costs. Those excess savings, however, are projected to be fully depleted by the fourth quarter. On top of that, millions of Americans will soon have another monthly charge to factor into budgets, as student loan payments are set to resume in October for the first time in years.
Collectively, U.S. consumers owe $1.6 trillion in education debt, with monthly payments averaging $200–$300. The CARES Act put student loan payments on hold in 2020, saving consumers approximately $185 billion over the last three years.¹

Moreover, the pause in payments brought delinquency rates to historic lows, which helped improve borrowers’ credit scores, enabling them to take on additional debt. As a result, some consumers are now facing greater obligations that may detract from spending on goods and services. Apollo Global Management estimates that student loan payments alone could reduce consumer spending — which makes up two-thirds of U.S. GDP — by more than $100 billion per year. Whether the U.S. tips into recession remains to be seen, but evolving dynamics like the depletion of excess savings and the resumption of student loan payments could change current trajectories. We will continue to watch these factors and their impact on the macroeconomic outlook closely.

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¹Goldman Sachs via The New York Times, Student Loan Pause is Ending, With Consequences for Economy

 

The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Fitch Downgrades U.S. Credit

Fitch Ratings unexpectedly downgraded the U.S. government’s credit rating one notch from AAA to AA+ on August 1, 2023. This is only the second downgrade in history, after S&P Global Ratings, then Standard & Poor’s, made the same adjustment shortly after the 2011 debt ceiling crisis; S&P has maintained the AA+ rating since. Moody’s — the third major U.S. rating agency — still has the U.S. at its highest Aaa rating. Fitch noted the downgrade reflects expected fiscal deterioration over the next three years, the country’s high and growing debt burden, and an erosion in governance over the last several years, marked by bipartisan standoffs and last-minute resolutions. The downgrade and timing have drawn criticism from the Biden administration and economists, citing economic strength and the minuscule risk of the U.S. actually missing any debt payments.

While in practice the downgrade will likely have minimal impact, with the U.S. government broadly considered one of the safest borrowers, markets are reacting. Treasuries initially rallied on the news, anticipating the same flight to quality seen in 2011, though that sentiment reversed this morning, with yields at one point breaching a key resistance level of 4.1% — a level last seen in November 2022. Also likely contributing to the move today is the Treasury Department’s announced plans to sell a higher-than-expected amount of longer-dated securities next week, as it works to replenish the Treasury General Account (reference Marquette’s recent newsletter for additional context). The U.S. dollar initially dipped on the news but has since rallied and is up on the day amid higher yields. U.S. equities, after a steep run, are down modestly today, with growth equities leading the group lower.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

The FTC vs. M&A

Higher interest rates have broadly impacted capital markets, including M&A deal flow given the significant increase in financing costs. Along with that, elevated regulatory risk has been another headwind for the space.

Since her appointment as Chair of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in June 2021, Lina Khan has emerged as one of the most aggressive anti-trust leaders the U.S. and Wall Street have seen in some time. For large corporations seeking growth via M&A, the regulatory requirements for FTC approval have increased significantly. Deals that would likely have been approved with ease in prior administrations now face costly lawsuits, injunctions, and other challenges by the Commission. Coupled with higher financing costs, the FTC’s aggressive agenda has significantly prolonged the timeline for deals to close. In the second quarter of 2023, completed M&A deal volumes came in at mere $95 billion, just above the $83 billion of deals closed at the height of COVID in the second quarter 2022. At the same time, the volume of pending deals awaiting regulatory approval has substantially increased, reaching $183 billion in the second quarter.

The FTC’s actions have had a clear impact on the M&A environment, leading to significantly wider deal spreads in 2023 amid increased uncertainty. This is both an opportunity and a risk for hedge funds specializing in merger arbitrage. While deal spreads appear attractive, they come with heightened risks that require expertise to successfully navigate. For investors, selecting experienced managers with a proven track record of success across different regulatory regimes is critical to achieving favorable risk-adjusted returns.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Halftime Adjustments

For anyone who regularly reads these letters, recall the market preview edition opined on the outlook for asset classes in 2023, particularly the likelihood of each delivering positive returns for the upcoming year. Given that we are halfway through the year, we would like to use this letter to make “halftime adjustments” to our outlook; with NFL training camps set to open later this month, we couldn’t resist the urge to borrow a football term. We hope this is a quick beach read as you enjoy your summer vacations and prepare for the second half of the year.

This edition re-assesses the outlook for fixed income, equities, and real estate for the second half of 2023.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

2023 Halftime Market Insights Video

This video is a recording of a live webinar held July 19 by Marquette’s research team, featuring live, in-depth analysis of the second quarter and themes we’ll be monitoring in the second half of the year.

Our Market Insights series examines the primary asset classes we cover for clients including the U.S. economy, fixed income, U.S. and non-U.S. equities, hedge funds, real estate, infrastructure, private equity, and private credit, with presentations by our research analysts and directors.

Sign up for research alerts to be invited to future webinars and notified when we publish new videos.
For more information, questions, or feedback, please send us an email.

Credit Trash is Return Treasure

“One man’s trash is another man’s treasure” may be a cliché, but it has never been more applicable to the below-investment grade, or junk, market. As the macroeconomic backdrop has proven to be more resilient than investors feared heading into 2023, one of the primary beneficiaries has been CCC corporates — traditionally the riskiest securities within the high yield and leveraged loan markets. CCC bonds and loans are the least credit-worthy within their respective markets and tend to perform poorly in periods of economic stress. With the economy so far avoiding recession, this segment of the market has posted significant gains year-to-date. CCC bonds and loans were up 11.0% and 8.3% through the first half, respectively, notably outperforming the broader high yield and leveraged loan indices, up 5.8% and 6.3%, and especially the highest-rated, or BB, segments of each market, up 4.5% and 4.6%, respectively.

On top of better-than-feared macroeconomic conditions, other factors have contributed to the junk rally in these markets. Leveraged credit balance sheets, even amongst the lowest-rated issuers, remain well positioned to weather headwinds. High yield issuer leverage is at a 10-year low while leveraged loan issuer leverage levels are at multi-year lows with interest coverage metrics slightly below all-time highs. Defaults are expected to increase, though only to the long-term average of the asset class, assuaging fears of a wave of defaults. Additionally, market technicals have helped fuel this rally as issuance has remained light, causing what supply is out there to benefit from a continual bid due to the elevated yield on these securities. All of this said, CCCs are still typically the riskiest part of the fixed income market, and continued performance hinges on the notoriously-unpredictable economy.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Don’t Fight the Flows

While not as commonly dissected as earnings and multiples, liquidity is a key driver of equity markets. An influx of liquidity set up both the tech and real estate bubbles, which burst as that capital dried up, leading to severe market corrections in the early 2000s and in 2008. The easy credit environment that followed the Global Financial Crisis facilitated one of the longest and strongest bull markets in U.S. history. An unprecedented amount of stimulus injected into the financial system amid the COVID pandemic led to the sharpest stock market upturn on record. And now in 2023, amid an increase in liquidity and despite heightened macro uncertainties, a hawkish Fed, and a banking crisis, the S&P 500 is up 14%¹ nearing the end of the second quarter while the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) has retreated to below-average levels.

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¹Through June 27, 2023

 

The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

The Tides of Trade

As globalization has slowed in recent years, geopolitical and geoeconomic risks have reemerged across global markets. Amid disrupted shipping lanes, upended supply chains, and economic sanctions, all markets — developed or emerging — are vulnerable to some degree. While these risks are nearly impossible to eliminate, they can be managed, and efforts to minimize exposures seem to be driving a trend of regionalization across markets. To help visualize this trend, this week’s chart highlights economies (green) that may benefit from increasing regionalization based on three core constraints.

First, direct geographic access to primary shipping lanes. The OECD estimates that around 90% of all traded goods travel by sea. This suggests that countries with both direct access to shipping lanes (dashed lines) and fewer choke point exposures (blue circles) have competitive advantages over those without access or those vulnerable to bottlenecks. Second, industrial capability. Countries with greater material inputs, labor pools, and facilities inherently have a comparative advantage over those without. Third, foreign exchange purchasing power. Relative to the U.S. dollar or the euro, countries utilizing weak alternative currencies have a comparative advantage in attracting investment and in production costs. This textbook dynamic heavily suggests that denominating costs in relatively weak currencies may be the strongest differentiator between otherwise equal markets.

While there are certainly many other dynamics and constraints at play including multilateral trade agreements and demographics, direct access to shipping lanes, industrial capability, and foreign exchange rates offer three core measures to assess and expand on.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.

Bear Scare?

The S&P 500 index — up 9.6% on a year-to-date basis through May — recently entered into a technical bull market, mostly due to a resurgence of growth-oriented areas of the U.S. equity space like Information Technology and Communication Services. At the same time, data related to futures contracts on the index could indicate extremely bearish sentiment on the part of hedge funds and speculators. As of the end of last month, these investors and traders were net short more than 400,000 E-mini S&P 500 futures contracts — the largest such position since Bloomberg started tracking the metric in the early 2000s.

There are several potential explanations for this phenomenon. First, investors may believe the recent run of the S&P 500 is not reflective of the current economic climate and overly dependent on a small basket of securities. To that point, the year-to-date return of the benchmark would actually be negative through the end of May excluding just seven high-performing index constituents (Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta, Microsoft, NVIDIA, and Tesla). This type of sentiment could lead the index to retract meaningfully should one of these companies stumble. However, this same group of investors has maintained net long positions on similar NASDAQ futures contracts in recent time, which does not support the notion that investors are inordinately bearish on these stocks. Dynamics within S&P 500 futures markets could also be a reflection of hedge funds and other investors having a significant number of high-conviction long positions with fewer alpha short ideas, which could necessitate hedging to lower net exposures and would actually be a bullish indicator. Whatever the reason for this positioning, it is important for investors to remember that no one variable is sufficient when it comes to explaining overall market machinations. Marquette will continue to monitor equity and futures markets and advise clients accordingly based on our findings.

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The opinions expressed herein are those of Marquette Associates, Inc. (“Marquette”), and are subject to change without notice. This material is not financial advice or an offer to purchase or sell any product. Marquette reserves the right to modify its current investment strategies and techniques based on changing market dynamics or client needs.